Classification Essay - Weight Lifters :: Classification Essays Gym Working Out

Characterization Essay - Weight Lifters  Diversion has been a built up some portion of the American culture nearly since its establishing. The kinds of diversion that most Americans appreciate in this day and age are going out to see the films, going out to eat, and working out. Various types of activity fluctuate from running and playing sports to weight lifting. The individuals who appreciate weight lifting can decide to do as such in the protection of their home, in a public venue like the YMCA, or in a fitness center. At a fitness center one can hope to locate a wide assortment of individuals; be that as it may, a portion of these individuals add to the drawback of working out at a nearby gym since they can be irritating and disagreeable. Three kinds of these irritating, disagreeable individuals found at the weight room of a neighborhood fitness center are the hotshot, the smarty pants, and the drifter; these sorts can be distinguished by their physical appearance, their social conduct, and their demeanor. The primary kind, the hotshot, is known by his ostentatious appearance, his pessimistic social aptitudes, and his pompous mentality. The hotshot is a solitary male in his twenties who drives an European extravagance vehicle; he generally goes to the rec center wearing a tank top to show his profound tan and some dark and green spandex shorts. He is intensely manufactured and every one of his muscles are all around characterized. In any case, he is a man with poor social abilities; he only from time to time converses with another spirit and consistently works out without anyone else. He regularly disregards the welcome and farewells of the gym workers; when he answers an amicable Howdy, how is it going or a See you later, he does as such in a profound, obtuse, bleak manner of speaking. He additionally prefers to underline how solid and manly he is by working out at the up front of the weight room, where everybody can see him. He denies demands for help from others like a team promoter declining to go out on the town with a pimply, geeky cohort. A great many people who work out at fitness centers are happy to manage without the hotshot. The subsequent sort is the smarty pants; he is recognized by his typical appearance, decently created social aptitudes, and ordering disposition.

Smoking Cessation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Smoking Cessation - Research Paper Example Stopping the act of smoking has been attempted by numerous and many have even effectively practiced it. There are a few who wish to stop smoking however their endeavors have fizzled. CDC reports that 68% of the smokers who fall into the grown-up populace have attempted to either abandon this training and are eager to live their lives without smoking (cdc.gov, 2014). The advantages of smoking suspension can be arranged into long haul just as transient advantages. Smoking suspension has mental, social just as physical advantages for smokers just as individuals and the earth around the smokers. Smokers are a populace that is disliked in social settings and individuals will in general disassociate themselves from smokers since smokers will in general smell awful and smoking even prompts the debasement of the smoker’s teeth and this adversely impacts their open profile. Because of these smokers face trouble in making companions particularly in bunches including nonsmokers. Stopping smoke can help the smokers in disposing of awful breath and help in building up a positive social picture and this can thus expand their social agreeableness. Smoking is intensely considered mindful as a reason for death and this is on the grounds that smoking has been found to prompt extreme diseases which eventually end the lives of smokers. CDC reports that smoking of tobacco prompts serious sicknesses which prompts passings that are untimely in nature and by stopping tobacco smoking, people can lessen the danger of unexpected passing (cdc.gov, 2014). Smoking has even been perceived as one of the elements that adversely impacts the mental strength of people. As per Parrott, smoking is considered as a reliever of stress yet it is one reason that further increment the degrees of stress. This implies by stopping tobacco smoking, slackers can mitigate their mental issue of pressure. There are

AIDS Article

The article is composed by a gay man, who lost his first accomplice to AIDS and committed himself to spreading data about HIV avoidance and battling for legislative thoughtfulness regarding the issue so as to spare ‘other gay and promiscuous men from losing the ones they love’ (Williams, 2006, para. 6).Clark Williams likewise filled in as the interval official chief of the Billy DeFrank LGBT Community Center right now of the article’s discharge and as a director of county’s HIV counteraction, guiding, and testing initiatves in 2001-2003.The article reports the LGBT people group of Santa Clara County joining other concerned residents at a gathering where the county’s Board of Supervisors Chair vowed to draw in extra monetary assets to reinforce general wellbeing framework even with quickening pace of HIV transmission.The focal point of the exertion ought to be anticipation and early analysis. The article reviews the beginning of HIV/AIDS scourge that was first viewed as an uncommon type of malignancy imperiling gay and androgynous male New Yorkers. In 2006, the quantity of Americans who kicked the bucket from AIDS arrived at 550,000 and kept on developing. Roughly 40,000 residents are getting contaminated with HIV each year.Santa Clara County, as far as concerns its, has lost 2,000 inhabitants to the illness. More than 2,500 were living with HIV/AIDS; this number may have been extensively higher in light of the fact that one of every three residents having HIV stays undiscovered. 80 percent of new diseases with the infection in Santa Clara County were among gay and cross-sexual males.Santa Clara County is accounted for as being ‘near the core of our country's HIV/AIDS epidemic’ (Williams, 2006, para. 5). Aside from concentrating on the human catastrophe of living with HIV determination or loosing a companion, a relative, an associate, or a neighbor to the ailment, the article talks about the issue of HIV/AIDS throug h the crystal of budgetary weight on the county’s standardized savings system.Lifetime cost of HIV treatment is evaluated to be as high as $155,000 per persistent. These expenses are a lot higher if the sickness isn't analyzed at beginning times, which is frequently the situation in Santa Clara County, where patients find out about their HIV status in a crisis room.However, the creator takes note of a few constructive improvements in the field of general wellbeing, for example, chance decrease advising to individuals living with HIV/AIDS and open HIV test directing areas. Santa Clause Clara County is contrasted and San Francisco, where HIV test advising offices are inexhaustible. In Santa Clara County, there is just a single open testing office, in spite of the way that the quantity of LGBT is more than 100,000 in the area.The Billy DeFrank LGBT Community Center is esteemed as the most suitable spot to build up another full-time test directing office, since it is known for it s greatness in giving HIV anticipation to in danger population.One extra testing office won't take care of the issue in the region. It isn't just LGBT populace that is particularly influenced by the spread of HIV/AIDS. Other powerless gatherings incorporate ethnic minorities, destitute and runaway youth, and medication addicts. Consequently, five low maintenance testing focuses ought to be opened across Santa Clara County.One of the principle qualities of the article is the way that it is composed from an insider’s point of view. Affinity between the writer and perusers is promptly settled when Clark Williams shares his own catastrophe of loosing his cherished once to AIDS.However, passionate feeling isn't the primary segment of the writer’s validity: Williams is a pioneer of Santa Clara County’s LGBT people group, educated of the genuine Status Quo with respect to HIV/AIDS anticipation and advising.

Managing Waste, To Save Our World Have You Checked Your Garbage Lately

Overseeing Waste, To Save Our World Have you checked your trash of late? It is safe to say that you are mindful that you are discarding numerous materials that could be spared? On the off chance that we did basic things like reusing glass, we could decrease our metropolitan landfill locales by practically 10%. Squander can't be just discarded any longer, presently it must be overseen. Dealing with our rubbish is the in thing, yet it is not really advantageous. Lets acknowledge the clear issues, fixed poisons won't influence us for a decent twenty years. In spite of the fact that this might be valid, there are as yet numerous points of interest to squander the board. Today, more individuals are supportive of organizations who put resources into green items. Thus, organizations have evacuated phosphates, blanches, and have made their paper items out of reused papers. At home, families, are sparing things, similar to extras, and making sandwiches for the following day. Businesses are ad ditionally fabricating a large portion of their christmas cards out of reused paper, since it takes 20 trees to make a huge amount of it. At last, independent ventures are doing christmas tree pickups, and reuse them for forestalling disintegration in stream beds, and as compost. Contrasted with quite a long while prior, individuals have started to see that there is an issue. We are starting to manage it, presently we should comprehend it. Sarah White Andrew Likakis Overseeing Waste, To Save Our World Have You Checked Your Garbage Lately Overseeing Waste, To Save Our World Have you checked your trash of late? Is it accurate to say that you are mindful that you are discarding numerous materials that could be spared? On the off chance that we did straightforward things like reusing glass, we could decrease our civil landfill locales by practically 10%. Squander can't be just discarded any longer, presently it must be overseen. Dealing with our junk is the in thing, yet it is not really advantageous. Lets acknowledge the clear issues, fixed poisons won't influence us for a decent twenty years. In spite of the fact that this might be valid, there are as yet numerous focal points to squander the executives. Today, more individuals are agreeable to organizations who put resources into green items. Thus, organizations have expelled phosphates, blanches, and have made their paper items out of reused papers. At home, families, are sparing things, similar to extras, and making sandwiches for the following day. Ventures are add itionally producing a large portion of their christmas cards out of reused paper, since it takes 20 trees to make a huge amount of it. At long last, independent ventures are doing christmas tree pickups, and reuse them for forestalling disintegration in stream beds, and as compost. Contrasted with quite a long while prior, individuals have started to see that there is an issue. We are starting to manage it, presently we should comprehend it. Sarah White Andrew Likakis

Cleft and Voice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Separated and Voice - Essay Example Principally, the innate imperfection called congenital fissure happens during the formative phase of the human incipient organism which starts at around thirty five (35) days from the main day of treatment (Seeley, Stephens, and Tate 2005; Iozzio 2005). The human early stage face at first picks up structure from the association of ectodermic cells which structures ectodermic tissues. Five (5) lots of these tissues are typically framed. Out of these, a first bundle of ectodermic tissues shapes the brow where two gatherings of projections on each side shape the nose, while the tissues in the middle of makes up the focal point of the upper lip and the jaw (Seeley, Stephens, and Tate 2005). The following two lots of ectodermic tissues shapes the upper lip and the upper jaw or the maxillae, while the last two packs shapes the lower lip and the lower jaw or the mandible (Seeley, Stephens, and Tate 2005). Regularly, the facial tissues at first develop and create with the augmentation of cells just as improvement and development of connective tissues cells expanding the size of the nose and consequently joining at the intersection where the tissues meet called the midline or the nasal septum molding the upper jaw and lip (Seeley, Stephens, and Tate 2005). In inborn variation from the norm, the connective tissues neglect to join the nose tissues coming about to congenital fissure. Be that as it may, if typical development and improvement of the upper jaw and lip will result, the sense of taste will start to be molded shaping the top of the oral cavity joining again at the midline inside around fifty six (56) days of early stage advancement (Seeley, Stephens, and Tate 2005). All things considered, in situations where hereditary directs doesn't deliver connective tissues to join the creating mouth rooftop, at that point, congenital fissure would result. Then again, different pieces of the mesoderm and ectoderm layers of the forming undeveloped organism additionally form into the other upper respiratory framework parts, for example, the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and the

Tips Writing a Research Paper on Bullying

Tips: Writing a Research Paper on Bullying Freshmen and students in their first year in high school often fall prey to bullies. Reports obtained from educational institutions indicate that bullying persists even in the modern era. It is not known why people bully others, but it can be concluded that a bully is likely to have an underlying psychological condition that triggers the bullying behavior. On a different perspective, bullying is not only rampant in schools, but has also been reported in family settings. This is mainly witnessed in families where the income is so meager that it cannot support the children that comprise that family. Bullying in families takes a mild form. For example, the eldest sibling taking care of the younger ones might serve himself bigger food portions, leaving the rest to share some insufficient quantity. In the same manner, bullying within the family might be seen where the elder siblings force younger ones to wash their clothes for them, clean their rooms, and run errands for them. All this time, the parents might not be aware that such things are happening. From these examples, it can be gathered that writing a research paper on bullying can be fascinating. Nevertheless, as is common with a fascinating research topic, it is possible to drift out of the point and write an irrelevant essay. Therefore, a number of handy tips that guide and control the writing of a research paper exist. Tip number one involves the definition of key terms. The writer must not assume that every reader knows what bullying is. It is always good to begin any essay with a definition of the topic and the key words that will feature prominently in that essay. Examples of key words that a writer must try to include in an essay on bullying are coercion, threat, and victim among many others. The definition of key phrases and words will be followed by a synopsis about the pervasiveness of bullying in social settings. In this section, the writer will give a statistical background into the major forms of bullying in schools and families, as well as in other social settings where the trend has been observed. After this, the reader will select one situation where bullying has been observed to be notorious. A critical exposition of the situation will be given. This will call for profound information concerning the factors that trigger bullying, and the responses that have been implemented with respect to the behavior. The research paper is not complete if the writer fails to take in the documented effects that have resulted from acts of bullying. Similarly, the writer must outline the positive results that have been generated by the said responses, if there are any. As with any other paper, it is good to conclude the essay with a set of suggested actions the writer feels would aid in deterring bullies. An obvious but imperative tip is to proofread your paper to ascertain that there are no grammatical or typing errors. AdvancedWriters research paper writing service will provide you with a high-quality customized research project on Bullying topics and ideas. Just fill in the order form with your details.

Product Risk And Uses Of Standard Deviation Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Risks and returns are the two most important concepts in the investing world. The concept of return, which is the profit on investment, is a very clear subject to many investors but the risk is often vague. Several approaches had been employed over times to measure the risks associated with investment portfolios. Standard deviation is a popular basis for risk measurement used for investment purposes (Today Forward, 2010). Standard deviation hence helps to tell a story behind a data and the concept the normal distribution of data (Niles, 2010). This though has been a scary and sometimes complicated topic to people, students and practitioners as well (Niles, 2010; Williamson, 2010). Standard deviation was first discovered and used by a renaissance scientist in Victoria London, Karl Pearson in 1897 in his quest to help his friend Weldon to use the measure of variation to understand the evolution process and to use empirical evidence of natural selection to find out how new species emerged (Magnello, 2005). USES OF STANDARD DEVIATION Standard deviation is defined as a measure of dispersion of a set of data from its mean (Investopedia, 2010). It is calculated as the square root of variance. The more spread apart the data, the higher the deviation. It is also seen as a measure of variability among the values of a frequency distribution (Taylor Francis, 2009). Standard deviation, also known as historical volatility is also seen as the mean of the mean (Niles, 2010). However, in finance, standard deviation is applied to annual rate of return of an investment. This enables investors to measure and estimate the expected volatility of an investment over a period under consideration (Investopedia, 2010). The standard deviation is therefore given by the formula: where ÃÆ' Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ = Standard deviation; ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å" = the sum of; and = means the mean (mathsrevision.net, 2010). Standard deviation assesses the degree of how the values are dispersed around the mean. It estimates the me an by assessing the error to which the mean of the sample is subject. In addition, it finds probability of events occurring in a given period (Manager-Net, 2008). In finance, the most common use of standard deviation is to the measure risk of holding a portfolio or security. It however, represents risk associated with a given security such as stocks, bonds, etc. Risk is an important factor used to determine how to efficiently manage a portfolio of investments as it determines the variation in return on the asset or portfolio and gives the investors a mathematical basis for investment decisions (Hedge funds Index, 2010). Standard deviation shows how close various values are clustered around the mean. When the standard deviation is small, the values are therefore tightly close together and the bell-shaped curve is steep. On the other hand, the bell curve is relatively flat when you have relatively high standard deviation. This is expressed graphically below (Niles, 2010). The re d area on the above graph represents one standard deviation from the mean and this account for about 68% of the people in this group. Two standard deviations from the mean are represented with green and accounts for about 95% of the people while three standard deviations from the mean are represented with blue and accounts for 99% of the people (Niles, 2010). STANDARD DEVIATION AS A RISK INDICATOR Standard deviation is also seen to have some outstanding qualities. Fitzgerald (1999) points out that standard deviation is used to estimate how accurate the sample mean is as an estimate of the population mean. In addition, it can also be used to convert scores which are calculated on different scales to scores on standard scale known as standard scores and this in turn gives an accurate idea of its relative importance or size. This, he said has several advantages for the decision maker. In statistical analysis, standard deviation is the most widely used measure of variation. Not only that, it is regarded as an excellent means of summarizing the extent of concentration of dispersion of values and it is relatively easy to use (Social Studies 201, 2006; Sharma, 2007). It also plays a very important role in comparing skewness and correlation (Sharma, 2007). Standard deviation also provides additional understanding of the future volatility of a funds performance, comparable to volatil ity of other funds in the sector or benchmark for the fund. The higher the volatility, the higher the average returns (CFP, 2005). In risk measurement, standard deviation is seen as important in modern portfolio theory and tin risk quantification by way of price volatility for asset classes and securities. In the measure of spread, standard deviation is very useful in that if the mean and standard deviation of a normal distribution are known, the percentile rank linked with any given score can be computed and it is also mathematically traceable (Hyperstat online contents, 2010). However, standard deviation also has its defects. It is believed to be difficult to calculate and interpret. It is also a mathematical construction which may be difficult to explain intuitively (Social Studies 201, 2006). More weight is however given to extreme values and less weight to those near the mean. (Sharma, 2007). Ibrahim et al, 2006, believes that standard deviation is influenced by extreme scor es. Arguably, while some critics believe that standard deviation offers a valuable tool for comparing one type of risk and is found useful in getting a general idea of available risks, others believe that it fails to reflect the true position of what happens in the capital markets in terms of how returns are distributed around the mean (JP, 2006). Standard deviation is also flawed in that in the calculation, it assumes a normal distribution and this normal distribution seems to work well in physics and general statistic and not risk. This is because it fails analysing the tendency of investment return to suffer fat tail distribution which constantly hunts the investment world. This simply means that less than normal events can and do happen once in a while and the basic concept of standard deviation does not cover this (JP, 2006; Glogger, 2008; JP Morgan, 2008/09). JP, 2006 also believes that standard deviation should neither be neglected nor used exclusively in risk measurement as the real world imperfections demand that a collection of flawed risk measures can be put together to outline the overall risk available. Carther, 2007 also points out the importance of standard deviation in reporting a funds volatility. It indicates a tendency of funds to drastically rise and fall in a short period of time. She however sees the calculation as intimidating though useful. There has been a contention however on the reliance of standard deviation as a measure of portfolio risk. This is because it is seen as being inconsistent. It is also said to assume symmetric distributions as it treats desirable upside movements as if they were as undesirable as downside movements (JP Morgan, 2008/09). This has called for alternatives in measure of risk. ALTERNATIVES TO STANDARD DEVIATION JP Morgan, (2008/09), sees Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR95) as it defines the average real portfolio loss (gain) in relative to the starting portfolio in the worst five percent of scenarios which is based on 10,000 simulations. Unlike standard deviation which sees risk as being only a one standard deviation event and fails to capture the fat left tail effects, CVaR95 is seen to have overcome this drawback as it captures both the asymmetric risk preferences of investors which is the fear of loss being greater than the gain and the incidence of fat left tails which is prompted by skewed return distributions (JP Morgan, 2009/09). The absolute mean deviation is regarded as the most direct alternative for standard deviation. This is the average of the absolute differences between each score and the overall mean. In a realistic situation where some of the measurements are in error, the mean deviation is seen to be more efficient than standard deviation. Though the standard deviation and mean deviation are not used for same measurement, standard deviation is always greater than the mean deviation, and there is more than one possible mean deviation to standard deviation and vice versa, the mean deviation is seen to be simpler to compute than the standard deviation (Gorard, 2004). Sharpe ratio derived in 1966 by William Sharpe has been popular in risk/return measures in finance. It is given by the formula; Source: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sharperatio.asp Gaurav and Kat (2002) point that one outstanding quality of Sharpe ratio is its simplicity in performance evaluation. This is done by calculating the highest expected return for a given standard deviation that is attainable which is the sum of interest rate and the product on the Sharpe ratio of market portfolio and standard deviation in question. An unlimited number of normally distributed funds can therefore be evaluated using this (Gaurav and Kat, 2002). Sharpe ratio also shows if a portfo lio return are due to result of excess risk of good investment decision, as the higher the Sharpe ratio, the higher the risk adjusted performance and vice versa (Vishwanath and Krishnamurti, 2009). Arguably, in as much as Sharpe ratio is simple, popular and easy to calculate, the drawback is that it is a restricted measure in the mean-variance frame work and it does not give a full picture of the fund performance (Jiang and Zhu, 2009.) It also assumes that the risk free rate is constant and this is not true. In addition, it can be problematic when it uses standard deviation to calculate the ratio of asymmetric return as standard deviation is most appropriately used to measure strategies that has approximate symmetric return distribution. In addition the Sharpe ratio is based on historical data and historical data are not reliable because past performance is not always an indicator for future results (Quantshare, 2010). Jensens Alpha is also an alternative measure of risk to stand ard deviation. It however, measures the degree to which a stocks average return exceeds the expected return, given the firms beta. Source: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/j/jensensmeasure.asp The outstanding quality of Jensens alpha is its ability to do a hypothesis test rather than comparison of the results (Beck et al, 2007). Similarly, the Treynor ratio looks like the Sharpe ratio, the difference being that the Treynor ratio uses Beta as a measurement of volatility. Treynor relies on Beta and this simply implies an assumption that non-systemic risk can be mitigated by diversification. As a result, the ratio has a limited utility in evaluating non-diversified portfolios. Treynors ratio is calculated as (Average Return of  the Portfolio Average Return of the  Risk-Free Rate)  /  Beta of the Portfolio Source: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/treynorratio.asp Comparatively, these measures are not suitable in all scenarios. Jense ns and Treynors ratio are not suitable for evaluation of hedgefunds as it gives no opportunity for the investment to be repriced and this, as a result can make investments appear less risky than they are. In addition, the rewards to risk ratios will most likely run for this portfolio in the premium collection cycle until a leveraged loss is sustained (Zigler, 2007). Conclusion Conclusively, in the investment world, risk is very important and cannot be separated from return and performance. Every investment, however involves some form of risk which can either low or high. Risk is therefore quantifiable both in relative and absolute terms and a good understanding of risk will help an investor or financial services make better financial decisions (Lamb, 2008). Beck, K and Niendorf, B. 2007. Good to Great, or Great Data Mining. (Online). Available from: https://69.175.2.130/~finman/Orlando/Papers/GreatDataMining.pdf. (Accessed 25th October, 2010). Carther, S. 2010. Understanding volatility measurements. (Online). Available from: https://www.investopedia.com/articles/mutualfund/03/072303.asp (Accessed 15 October, 2010). Certificate in Financial Planning (CFP), 2005. CF2: Investment and Risk. London. BPP Professional Education. Gaurav, A and Kat, H M. 2002. Generalization of the Sharpe Ratio and the Arbitrage-Free Pricing of Higher Moments. ISMA Di scussion Papers in Finance 2002-15. (Online). Available from: https://www.icmacentre.ac.uk/pdf/discussion/DP2002-15.pdf. (Accessed 21 October, 2010). Glogger, M. 2008. Risk and Return. (Online). Available from: https://university.akelius.de/library/pdf/risk_and_return_martin_glogger.pdf (Accessed 12 October, 2010). Gorard, S. 2004. Revisiting a 90-year-old debate: the advantages of the mean deviation. Online. Available from: https://www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/documents/00003759.htm. (Accessed 20th October, 2010). Graeme, P. 2010 Standard Deviation. (Online). Available from: https://moneyterms.co.uk/standard-deviation/. (Accessed 08 October, 2010). Fitzerald, J. (1999). The Uses of Variation. (Online). Available from: https://www.actualanalysis.com/vary.htm (Accessed 10 October, 2010) Hedge fund Consistency Index, 2010. Standard Deviation (Online). Available from https://www.hedgefund-index.com/d_standarddev.asp. (Accessed 10th October, 2010). Hypersat Online Contents, 2010. Standard Deviation and Variance. (Online). Available from: https://davidmlane.com/hyperstat/A16252.html. (Accessed 20th October, 2010). Ibrahim, A.S and Mikhail N.N.H. 2006. Measure of Dispersion (Variability). Online. Available from: https://www.seci.info/amalsamy/Epi%202.1.pdf. (Accessed 10th October, 2010). Investopedia, 2010. Standard Deviation. (Online), Available from: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/standarddeviation.asp. (Accessed 05th October, 2010.) Jiang, G J and Zhu, K X. 2009. Generalized Sharpe Ratios: Performance Measures Focusing on Downside Risk. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics. ISSN 1450-2887 Issue 30.pp. 134-136. (Online). Available from: https://www.eurojournals.com/irjfe_30_10.pdf. (Accessed 15 October, 2010). JP, 2006. In Praise of Volatility. The Capital Spectator; Investing, Asset allocation, Economics the search for the Bottom line. 12.10.2006 (Online). Available from: https://www.capitalspectator.com/archives/ 2006/10/in_praise_of_vo.html. (Accessed 15 October, 2010). JP Morgan, 2008/09. Alternatives to Normality; Some lessons from the credit crisis. LV-JPM3044. PP 4. (Online). Available from: https://www.jpmorganassetmanagement.co.uk/Institutional/_documents/JPM3044%20Alternatives%20to%20normality%20paper%20indd%20125.pdf. (Accessed 25th October, 2010). Lamb, K. 2008. Measuring and Managing Investment Risk. (Online). Available from: https://www.investopedia.com/articles/08/risk.asp. (Accessed 20 October, 2010). Magnello, M.E, 2005. Karl Pearson and the Origin of Modern Statistics: An Elastician becomes a Statistician. The Rutherford Journal; The New Zealand Journal for the history and Philosophy of Science and Technology. Vol 1.(Online). Available from: https://www.rutherfordjournal.org/article010107.html (Accessed, 05th October, 2010). Managers-net, 2008. Standard Deviation and Variance. (Online). Available from: https://managers-net.org/stddev.html (Accessed 05 October, 201 0). Mathsrevision.net, 2010. Standard Deviation. (Online). Available from: https://www.mathsrevision.net/gcse/pages.php?page=42 (Accessed 10 October, 2010). Niles, D. 2010. Standard Deviation. (Online). Available from https://www.robertniles.com/stats/stdev.shtml. (Accessed 05th October,2010). Quantshare Trading Software, 2010. Sharp Ratio- Part 2. (Online). Available from: https://www.quantshare.com/sa-90-sharpe-ratio-part-2. (Accessed 25th October, 2010). Sharma, J.K. (2007). Business Statistics. India: Dorlin Kindersely PVT. Ltd. (Online). Available from: https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=tVkYRf0ydE8Cpg=PA147lpg=PA147dq=disadvantages+of+standard+deviationsource=blots=RE9brmrb4ssig=NUe_zuXTriNB65PYkpQ-xsiVMCEhl=enei=OXfDTMuOB5HQjAfwx526BQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=4ved=0CCcQ6AEwAzgU#v=onepageq=disadvantages%20of%20standard%20deviationf=false. (Accessed 12th October, 2010). Social Studies 201. (2006). Standard deviation and variance for percentage distributi ons. Journal of Social Studies. Section 5.10, pp 259-264. (Online). Available from: https://uregina.ca/~gingrich/o2306.pdf (Accessed 12th October, 2010). Taylor Francis, 2009. Standard Deviation from the Dictionary of British Education. (Online). Available from: https://www.bookrags.com/tandf/standard-deviation-5-tf/. (Accessed 05th October, 2010). TodayFoward; The Simple Way to Plan, Manage, and Organize Your Money, 2010. Understanding Standard Deviation as a Measure of Risk. (Online). Available from: https://todayforward.typepad.com/todayforward/2010/04/understanding-standard-deviation-aka-risk.html. (Accessed: 07th October, 2010). Vishwanath, R and Krishnamurti, C (2009). Investment Management: A Modern Guide to Security Analysis and Stock Selection. Heilderberg, Library of Congress. (Online). Available from: https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=oowq_PkME3UCprintsec=frontcover#v=onepageqf=false Accessed: (20 October, 2010). Williamson, D. 2010. Accounting Business Spr eadsheeting. (Online). Available from: https://www.duncanwil.co.uk/stdev.html (Accessed 05th October, 2010). Zigler, B. 2004. No Pain, No Gain: Risk-adjusted returns in action. (Online). Available from https://registeredrep.com/advisorland/career/no_pain_no/. (Accessed 21 October, 2010).

Dna Is Not A Bodily Fluid - 957 Words

DNA is not a bodily fluid, but is genetic information that can be identified through a bodily fluid. According to a scholarly journal article, in the Nineteenth century â€Å"law enforcement agencies began to collect, organize, analyze and store collections of DNA samples for forensic purposes† (big brother). DNA is extremely useful when nailing a suspect who it has been traced to. The biological evidence left at a crime scene comes along with a great story that has yet to be told through bodily fluids such as semen, blood or saliva found at the crime scene. These bodily fluids become key evidence to solving a case. There are numerous cases that have been solved based on the findings of DNA through multiple bodily fluids left at a crime scene. The case that I had chose was E.K MacDaniel, Warden et al. Petitioners v. Troy Brown, which was a case that dealt with semen taken from a rape kit. Although the subject of rape could a be a touchy subject for most people, I find cases that deal with such a horrendous act to be very interesting due to how the case is investigated and the measures it takes to find the evidence needed to solve the case. In the case of E.K MacDaniel, Warden et al. Petitioners v. Troy Brown, on January 29, 1994, at 1a.m. 9 year old, Jane Doe was brutally raped in her trailer bedroom. Residing near Jane Doe’s trailer were two brothers, Troy and Travis. Across from Jane Doe’s trailer resided Troy and Travis other brother, Trent along with his girlfriend,Show MoreRelatedMedical Case Study848 Words   |  4 Pagesday. Found to be the most prevalent disease of the four, meningococcal disease, also known as bacterial meningitis, was diagnosed in four of the campus’ students. It was first diagnosed by DNA sequencing through BLAST, which regards sampling the patient’s DNA and analyzing it for the present of a pathogen’s DNA. 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Camila Velasquez. Hum-101-12. Professor David Winner. May

Camila Velasquez HUM-101-12 Professor David Winner May 10th, 2017 Final Essay Fifteen Have you ever attended or witnessed any birthday party for children, teenager, adult or even your own birthday party? We all celebrate our birthday every year, but young girls will have a special birthday that has to be celebrated for once in their life. A woman has a point of time where they stop from being a child and become as an adult. Womanhood is such an important stage for young girls where some cultures have different forms of celebration to recognize the upcoming of age. In the cultural root of Latin America, girls who are turning to fifteen years of age will be honored a memorable birthday ceremony welcoming their adulthood. This ceremony is†¦show more content†¦During the Quinceaà ±era mass, the girl will receive the communion, sacramental bread, bouquet of flowers, jewelry such as ring, necklace and tiara that are blessed by the priest (Madrina). All these items have meanings in the girl’s life and future. For example, the ring symbolized as an unconditi onal love from God. The Bible and rosary are both foundations of her faith. Nowadays, the religious ceremony is seen as an optional part of the celebration. Girls having the celebration use their religious beliefs to determine whether or not to have a religious ceremony. The religious ceremony signifies a cultural ritual within the community that strengthen the girl’s commitment to her faith. One of the factors that a girl fails to conduct a religious mass is because it is necessary that the girl has to be baptized, received her first communion and attended confirmation classes. After the church service, the celebration of Quinceaà ±era will be continued with a reception. The music of the event is important. Music band or DJs has to be present to bring out entertainment and joy throughout the event. Like in wedding reception, the first dance of the party always goes to the birthday girl’s father. This daughter-father dance is a tradition for Quinceaà ±era, and it is called the quince waltz (Madrina). This is a special moment for the young girl and her father. This dance symbolizes the young woman s growing independence and the father has accepted that

Is The Vice President s Comments About Cost And Schedule...

1. Are the vice president’s comments about cost and schedule variance correct? Yes! As we have seen in the case study the Spokane industries are very particular about the earned value reports, as we seen in the reports that the Franklin electronics provided is seemed to be a very basic according their view. The values of cost variance at the 2nd month are like 6K, 2K, 3K, 3K, here the total comes to 14k ($14,000) and the same cost variance in the following month are presented as 7K, 3K, 5K, 10K ($25,000) respectively, so here we can see that the values that were provided in the 2nd month are less than 3/4th of the 3rd month. Comes to the scheduling variance the values given to the 2nd month are said to be 8K, 1K, 2K, 20K ($31,000), the 3rd month calculations are in the order 12K, 3K, 4K, 26K ($45,000), so by seeing this we can easily say that the scheduling variance is overrated nearly 50% of its value in the previous month. So, whatever the sponsor said in the case study is true. I hope their main aim for the need of these earned value reports is to reduce the interchange meetings and to finish the project within the basic 3 constraints of a project management. That is why they opted a formalized project management. From the case study it is very easy for us to make sure that they believed earned value reports are some techniques to avoid the interchange meetings. 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Design And Cross Pollination Of Fields And Practices

It is believed that due to the high level of risk undertaken by the client and intrusted in the designers that it is now a safer option to put the contractors in the driving seat rather than the architects who simply provide the design (Jamieson.C, 2010and that larger multidisciplinary practices containing architects, surveyors and contractors would be even more prevalent in fifteen years time because they are able to carry the risk on behalf of the client (Jamieson.C, 2010). So surely if architects are no longer trusted or believe in themselves there is no longer a need for them to carry out certain duties or training? If an architect no longer carried the same responsibilities then there is no need for them to work in the same methods.†¦show more content†¦Weston believed that ‘the stylistic postmodernism of the 1980’s (risk), had threatened to reduce architecture to a stylish fad.’ He believed that the risk architects felt upon themselves meant that â €˜In its place it was argued the case for buildings that are monumental and anti-heroic, and grounded in the familiar routine and environments of daily life( Weston.R, 2011). Due to the amount of money and time needed to be invested into building architecture the industry can take astronomical hits during financial crisis such as the credit crunch in 2008. Risk plays a huge part in the way we build and create architecture. For the architect, a great deal of risk is encountered by intrusting the client to pay for our services. One London based boutique architecture practice described â€Å"our main threat is not being paid for the work we do- particularly the brief making part- but we never turn down unpaid work because It might lead to paid work in the future†(RIBA the future for architects, 2010). But it is not just the architects who feel the ‘risk’, it is also the clients who are effectively putting their money, land or property and quite often their reputa tions at stake, so there is a lot riding on the architects back to make the whole operation run smoothly. The guardian stated that in 2008 ‘40% of architects lost their jobs’ causing many practicing Architects to brake off into different fields. For example in the 1970’s, 50% of architects

Global Reporting Initiative Sustainability â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Global Reporting Initiative Sustainability? Answer: Introducation Premier investment operations have had both positive and negative impacts on the environment and society. Positively this company has supported two organizations, the RSPCA and Paw Justice which deals with animal welfare.(Hedberg, 2013) Additionally, this firm has extended its support on education sector by supporting children charities, organizations and education programs. Negatively, this firm has registered some impacts in the environment such as pollution and resultant infections as a result of the effects of water pollution.(Bodnar, 2011) Animals welfare support As much as peter alexander has recorded his expertise in pyjamas, additionally, he become famous for his dogs, and he has also recorded a huge support in animal safety groups. For the last eleven years peter alexander has worked diligently to Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) in Australia.(Bodnar, 2011) Fundraising activities aimed at raising cognizance for animal donations has been the core concern in this scenario. Under the RSPCA project, Peter has recorded a $548,000 support for shelters which take care of approximately 140,000 animals on yearly bases to supporting liberation, restoration and rehoming undesirable, vagrant and wounded animals. In the year 2014, following the management presence of peter alexander in the New Zealand, a partnership was established with the NZ animal charity Paw Justice giving a support of close to $41000 over the last 3 years. Paw Justice works to stop the misuse of violent animals and has been an influential in directing the New Zealands public devotion on the need to reorganize animal welfare regulations done by youth education awareness and the promotion for pets.(Hedberg, 2013) The involvement with these two organizations, RSPCA and Paw Justice continues to be the key role under the support of Peter Alexander brand. Several items have been produced across the year such as Playing cards and chocolates and all the sales made out of these goods were directed to support these charities. These activities by premier investments can be considered as positive impacts on the environment since animals play a crucial role in retaining the World's ordinary surroundings by predating upon vegetation and some other animals, pollinating various plants, and exhaling CO2, which green plants require for live.(Forneti, 2014) Additionally, animals help to fertilize plants via their droppings, which offer nutrition for plants, and seed-dispersal inclinations, which help plants to scatter through habitats. Once they die, animals also act as diet for microorganisms and additional minerals for plants.(Hedberg, 2013) Education support Premier investment under Smiggle brand has registered a considerable support in the education sector. This support has been directed to childrens donations, organizations and education platforms.in addition it has supported uncountable community fundraising functions both locally and abroad, for institutes, sporting activities and educational levels. This can be considered as a positive social impact of this company. Waste and recycling Premier investment has a broad recycling and justifiable practices across its networked stores, distribution and support centers. The distribution sector executes on-site salvage systems for recycling the used packs and adheres to sustainable packaging procedures. All the carton packaging makes use of recycled content. These cartons are also re-used to facilitate renewal of stock or if need be, the waste packaging is compressed and unruffled for recycling.(Forneti, 2014) The company has affiliated with Orora to collect and process in line with their recycling procedures. This is a positive impact to both the environment and society since it reduces pollution and resultant diseases. Contrally to the positive impacts premier investment has registered to both the environment and social life, it also has significant negative impacts. Environmental pollution Packaging management has been a major problem not only in premier investment company but to all the companies under operation, Thousands of whales, fowls, seals and turtles are die each year from malleable bag litter in the marine surroundings as they often slipup plastic for food such as jellyfish. Plastics, once consumed, cannot be absorbed or passed by an animal so it remains in the gut causing death. Human diseases Environmental pollution affects not only the animals but also the human population. The wellbeing effects of interacting with polluted water can vary from no physical effects to severe diseases or even death.(bodie, 2012) Some of the impacts of interacting with dirty water can be immediate, or not discerned for many years. These consist of gastrointestinal and stomach diseases like: nausea Key GRI disclosures relevant to the stakeholders of Premier Investments It entails the assessment on the health and welfare impacts of firms products and services. Under this disclosure, the organization is entitled to give an account on the percentage of substantial products and services for which health and welfare impacts are evaluated for improvement. It helps to point out the existence and the range of organized efforts to discourse health and welfare across the existence of a product or service. In reporting the information the organization will also be supposed to describe the criteria used to carry out the assessment.(Hahn, 2012) Disclosure 102-6(the market served). The organization will be required to give a report on the geographical locations where products and services are distributed, the sectors attended and kinds of customers and recipients. This information is very important to customers to update them on where to buy products from a given company.(Hahn, 2012) Under this standard, the organization is required to report on the typical hours of teaching that the organizations employees have gone through during the reporting time by gender and the kind of employee. This disclosure helps in providing understanding into the scale of an organizations commitment in training and the degree to which the commitment is made across the entire employee fraternity. Under this scenario, training is used to refer to different kinds of vocational training and directives, paid education leave catered for by the organization on behalf of its employees and education taken externally and paid for in whole or in part by the organization. It does not include the on-site coaching by supervisors.(Hahn, 2012) The firm will be required to give an account on direct monetary value created and circulated on an accumulations basis. The elementary components of the organizations international setups will also be anticipated such as revenues, running costs, employee salaries and benefits, payments to resource providers, expenses to government by country and society investments. Lastly the net economic value (direct economic value generated less economic value distributed). (Hahn, 2012) it is also advisable for these reports to be given separately based on country, regional or market levels and the criteria used for defining significance. Comparing premier investments and Myer in reference to environmental performance information Premier investment recognizes the significance of vitality proficient, low natural impact lightning frameworks and has clung to new redesigned lightning guidelines to ably oversee vitality utilization in every one of its stores. This has brought about a venture to store systems and moved up to LED lighting. (Hedberg, 2013) This activity has therefore implied less warmth consequently decreasing the general warmth stack on stores and lessened speculation on cooling necessities. This has prompted an extreme lessening in progressing upkeep and light substitution. This standard has been executed for all new store fit-outs. Similarly, Myer has come up with an Energy Controlling Tactic, with an aim of decreasing energy strength by 10 to 15 percent by the year 2018, from a standard of 190 as per FY2013.it has embarked on a major project program with the goal of attaining this objective, with projects comprising of: Lighting effectiveness upgrades, Encroachments to building regulations, Heating and Refrigeration system maintenances and upgrades, Hotness and time-clock adjustments, Energy data checking and reporting to all the stores on Education and performance change.(bodie, 2012) Waste recycling Premier investment has implemented a widespread salvaging and justifiable practices through the set-up of its stores, dissemination centers and support locations. The supply firms carry out on- site reclamation systems for recycling used packing and follow viable packaging procedures. (Hahn, 2012)All carton packagings makes use of recycled content. These cartons are salvaged to facilitate the renewal of stock. Similarly, waste and recycling is one of the Myer commitment aimed at reducing waste and increasing recycling of packaging Benefits of GRI guideline compliance to premier investments Australian retail businesses decision to comply with the GRI guidelines will bring about benefits to premier investments potential investors, current shareholders and other stakeholders in several ways. Below is an evaluation of how this decision will be beneficial. (Forneti, 2014) Firstly, compliance with disclosure 201-1 whereby all the organizations are entitled to present a report on direct economic value generated (revenue), its economic value distributed and at the end presents its net economic value status; this information is very crucial for potential investors to make a choice on the organization to invest. Definitely a potential investor will opt to invest in an organization that has a large net economic.(Forneti, 2014) Secondly, under the disclosure 419-1 where the organization is entitled to give a report on total financial value of major fines, total number of non-financial authorizations and the cases taken to an organization through clash resolution. This information can similarly be used by potential investors to make a choice on the appropriate organization to invest since this information enables the investors to differentiate between the financial stable organizations and those not secure enough to invest in.(Forneti, 2014) According to disclosure 418-1, where organizations are required to give a report on the total number of confirmed complaints received from the customers, external parties and regulatory bodies, customers will always make use of this information in a case where several organizations produce same goods and services to make a choice on which organization to purchase products from.(Forneti, 2014) Thirdly, on disclosure 416-1 regarding health and welfare impacts of items and services, an organization is entitled to give a account on the percentage of noteworthy of product and service sorts for which health and welfare effects are evaluated for improvement. Availability of this information from different organizations producing same products can be used by customers to make choice on which organization to buy products from.(Forneti, 2014) Conclusion. Performance assessment will help an organization to understand diverse sides of its business processes on one hand where by scrutinizing performance in a certain period will assist the organization to forecast their future business enactments. This information obtained on business progress can be used by number of parties, different stakeholders who include shareholders, creditors, workers, tax authorities, government, media, etc. All the mentioned parties can use this data of performance evaluation with a goal to evaluate the business operations of the organization, future of the organization and can play a role towards decision making procedure of the organization as evaluation will bring a vibrant image on the organizations economic health level, the financial feasibility, productivity and resource management. Also with the right data investors and shareholders will be able to make the accurate decision in terms of their investments where proper prospects can be recognized regardi ng the prospective of positive outcome of it. Advertising and promotion Both costs are variable in that, the insurance cover will always fluctuate depending on the countries security status. Licenses and permits will also fluctuate depending on the currency fluctuations. Advertising and promotion fee in addition will change depending on the level of the business. Break-even analysis simply refers to the correlation between the budget volume and returns at different levels of an action, with stress directed on the break-even point. This state is where the corporate makes neither gains nor losses, simply meaning the money gained from sales is equal to total money expended to produce the products for sale. Considering the case of premier desirability of opening up new stores in new territories, this tool is ineffective because of several reasons.(Hahn, 2012) It assumes the sales prices to be constant at all the output levels, this is not the case in this scenario considering the fact that these stores will have been established in different countries which have different business regulations such as tax rates, currency value etc. It assumes that the production and sales are the same; this is Contrally to the real situation bearing in mind that this will be a new product into the markets of these countries and it is likely to take time for it to be known. Before that time, the production will definitely remain higher than the sales. A balanced scorecard Perspective Objective Measures Financial 1.increase profit 1.increase revenue per user 2.decrease operating costs Customer 1.market expansion 1.improve end user experience 2.improve clarity of offering Internal Business Processes 1.improve information services 1.improve ease of use for end users 2.improve offering selection Learning and Growth 1.improve knowledge and skills 1.improve technology 2.improve content supply Finding the breakeven In its naivest terms, breakeven ensues when the corporate is neither getting profit nor loss of money. In other words, Income = total expenses Calculation of revenues Blast wash ($30*8000units=$240000) Faded wash ($30*10000units=$300000) Ripped and scuffed ($35*7000units=245000) Total revenue p.a= ($245000+$300000+$240000=$785000) Calculation of expenses Blast wash (8000*15=$120000) Faded wash (10000*10.5=$105000) Ripped and scuffed (7000*16=$112000) Total expenses=$337000 Other expenses incurred (200000+80000+150000+110000) Total= ($540000) Assuming the total units sold (blast wash, faded wash and ripped) to be X 785000 *X = ($540000 +$337000) X=877000/785000=1.117 units. References bodie, m. . (2012). management of financial guarantees. Bodnar, H. m. (2011). Financial risk management. Forneti, G. (2014). GRI suatainability and reporting. Hahn, L. (2012). Legitimizing negative aspects of GRI-oriented sustainability. Hedberg, v. m. (2013). global reporting initiative sustainability.

Pak Railway Thesis free essay sample

Railways,  lifeline  of the country, is a  national  state-run transport service. It is under the administration of federal government and its head quarter is in Lahore. It is an important source of  transportation  throughout Pakistan. It carries millions of passengers throughout the country. It used to carry huge freight in Pakistan. This cheap and safe mode for passengers is now facing a number of issues. A number of services of Pakistan Railways have been cancelled, suspended or terminated and many more will be suspended in near future because of mismanagement and shortage of locomotives, fuel and money. The chapter of all major services, from Lahore to Karachi, has been closed. It is pertinent to mention that all  AC serviceshave been stopped. The incompetent administration has failed to attain locomotives from any quarter of the world. Passengers are suffering due to mismanagement of administration. Pakistan Railways decision to suspend goods  train  service due to severe shortage of locomotives and fuel is another blow to this organization. It is now basically financially bankrupt organization. In other words it is on the verge of financial collapse. The political interference, nepotism, corruption, poor maintenance of tracks bridges and mismanagement in almost every field are the major causes of failure of Pakistan Railways. Pakistan Railways purchased 69 completely built locomotive units from China under 2003 agreement. These are about 37% cheaper than the European locomotives but considered to be faulty. It is stated that 32 of these have already been scraped. Dong Fang  Electric  Corporation  has been severely criticized for producing low quality locomotives. The other viewpoint is that misuse of the machinery was the major cause of the failure of Chinese locomotives. According to Sheikh Rashid, the former railway minister, crankshafts of locomotives worth Rs10 million were damaged because of the use of substandard lubrication oil. It may be mentioned here that normally a locomotive consists of six traction motors while the Pakistan Railways is operating them with only three or four motors. This is the major cause of mid-way breakdown of trains. The passengers, in such a case, have to wait for a long time till repair or replacement of faulty  engine  takes place. Naturally trains are too late and passengers can be seen sitting at platforms with their  luggage. A number of trains lack facility of light at nights because of the failure of the  generators  and ill attitude of management. Another reason that prevents people to go by  train  is increase in corruption by the ticketing officials. The reservation of birth is an uphill task. There are  complaints  that reservation is confirmed after receiving bribe of hundred or more rupees by passengers. Pakistan Railways is no more the best choice to travel for the passengers. Haji Ghulam Ahmed Bilour, federal minister for Pakistan Railways, is a very controversial figure. He is considered to be somewhat responsible for the deteriorating situation of Pakistan Railways. His viewpoint is that the whole railway system is obsolete. He complains that half of the total locomotives are out of order. Almost 86 % bridges are more than 100 years old. The trains, tracks and machinery are outdated or faulty. He says that Pakistan needs 25 to 30  engines  annually. He is now making a plan to repair, hire or lease locomotives in collaboration with the private sector. Moreover, he believes that a bailout package can be helpful to overpower the crisis. According to him delay in funds to Railways is the root cause of the crisis. He accuses the federal  government for  not releasing remarkable funds for the betterment of Pakistan Railways. All his plans may end in failure because of corruption in the management, financial problems, his ill-advised attitude and lack of vision. The efficiency of the railway minister is evident from its almost nil performance. He believes that two mafia gangs are very strong in Pakistan Railways but finds himself incapable to take any action against them. He seems to be too weak to solve the issues and problems faced by his ministry. The Chief Justice has expressed his disapproval for the high-ups of Railways in the following comments: â€Å"Ninety metric tons of  silver  worth millions was sold for mere Rs28,000 as scrap, while  a light bulb  worth Rs60 is being purchased at Rs400, whereas absence of maintenance turned expensive locomotives into junk one by one, besides a Grade-18 officer, a blue-eyed boy of the railways minister, is promoted to hold a Grade-20 post of secretary purchase. In the words of Chief Justice â€Å" the electricity wires meant for  electric  trains from Lahore to Khanewal have been stolen. † Moreover, he observed that â€Å"tickets were sold in advance outside  ticket  counters and tickets were not available at railway stations. † It is also in the notice of the apex court that land mafia has grabbed Pakistan Railways land in different areas of the country. He has already order ed the railways to approach the Sindh administration in this connection. Nonetheless, everybody knows the efficiency of the present Sindh government. Railways needed Rs2. 2 billion to pay the salaries and pension to its protesting employees but the government has not released enough money to overpower the deep financial crisis. The economy of the country is under severe pressure and the poor administration seems to be unable to solve the problem. The apex court has already remarked â€Å"Railways should take steps to make it functional as early as possible. † Sheikh Rashid Ahmad, former railway minister, blames corrupt officers of the department for the present situation in Pakistan Railways. According to him only 156 locomotives out of 500 are in normal working condition. According to his statement 15,000 freight  wagons  are not plying in the country and the business has gone in the hands of the private sector. He claims that 200  coaches  and several locomotives, imported from China, could have been manufactured in the local Carriage Factory in Islamabad. Due to imported  coaches  and machinery several labourers have lost their  jobs  or sent on forced leave. A limited number of loaders have been appointed by the administration on the platforms to carry the  luggage  of the passengers. It is stated that a particular amount of money is received by the administration as a bribe from these poor loaders. In return they are allowed to receive hundred rupees from the passenger to carry the  luggage. A private firm has been working under the contract to transport goods including medicines,carpets,  furniture and  electronic appliances through Pakistan Railways. The monopoly of this firm is an obstacle in the free trade of different goods. Pakistan Railways should create competitive atmosphere to provide the customers with more facilities. Pakistan Railways losses have reached billions of rupees. It seems difficult to bring trains back on tracks in the present circumstances. The situation may not change unless corrupt high-ups are removed, suspended and dismissed from the services. To restructure and modernise Pakistan Railways under the present administration seems to be the dream of a mad man. Pakistan Railways is sinking in the sea of corruption as no serious efforts are being made to eradicate it from this department. PAKISTAN RAILWAY CRISIS AND ITS SOLUTIONS Among the means of transportation railways are the cheapest and safest mode for passengers and goods. It also helps in growth of economy for the country. A plan for a rail system in  Pakistan  was first proposed in 1858. A survey for railway line was initiated by Commissioner of Sindh ,Sir Henry Edward Fere in 1858. It was proposed that a railway line from  Karachi  City  to Kotri, steam navigation from the Indus /Chenab up to  Multan  and from there another railway to  Lahore  and beyond be constructed. Thus, it was on 13th May, 1861 that first railway line was opened for public traffic between  Ã‚  Ã‚  Karachi  City  and Kotri, the distance of 105 miles. The line between  Karachi  Cityand Kemari was opened in 1889   and   by 1897 the line from Kemari to Kotri was doubled. Since 1861 when the first railway line was laid down between  Karachi  and Kotri, the expansion of the railway network by the British came at a rapid pace up until 1947. The driving factors for this growth were strategic and economic in nature. For instance to stop the invasion of the Russians from the West, the British built the Khojak tunnel, the fourth largest at that time, in seemingly inaccessible areas of Balochistan to reach Chaman railway station.

Sample Essay of Observation in Pharmacy Technician

Sample Essay of Observation in Pharmacy TechnicianA sample essay of observation in pharmacy technician is a simple to understand essay. It is written in the format of an essay and only follows few rules of grammar and organization. These rules are very easy to follow and can be easily learned. An essay in this format must be short and to the point.When writing an essay, presentation of knowledge in its simplest form is usually required. It is important to explain the basic principles of science in the easiest way possible. Essays of observation in pharmacy technician must deal with certain basic topics. They are: Physiology and pathology of human body, anatomy, cell biology, chemical biology, microbiology, pharmacology, toxicology, medical terminology and physiology of the brain. This is called as anatomy.Physiology and pathology of the human body are a branch of medicine dealing with the study of the human system. It deals with the study of various organs and tissues in a human body . It studies the functions of different cells and how they work together to support the body system. These are the branches of anatomy.Description of the human body is made by organs and tissues that display different actions in the body. These actions help us to know what these organs are doing. This description is made in the form of organs and their interrelation and their function is also shown.The usage of appropriate words like 'the'it is' in describing organs and tissues are very important in order to understand the details about the human body. This is to avoid misunderstanding.A sample essay of observation in pharmacy technician requires this. Using the correct words and making sense of the sentences and paragraphs should be learned. Not being able to do this can lead to alot of confusion.Experience of teaching, implementation of theories and implementation of course requirements are a part of education. This is not something that is taught in every medical school or colleg e. It can be learned through experience, these are the experience that happens in one's life and not something that is just read or heard from a textbook. It is observed and feels by one's mind, not by an eye.Observation of life in this world is the experience that people take and share with others. It is the things that can be observed with the use of a good eye.

Soil and Groundwater Contamination in the UAE The Other Side of the Technological Progress

Introduction Despite a significant progress, which the United Arab Emirates have made over the past few years in terms of technology (Panambunan-Ferse Breiter 2013), the state authorities seem to have been defaulting on the development of tools for disposing of e-waste. According to the recent news report, the situation regarding e-waste in the UAE has become truly drastic, the instances of its improper disposal growing out of proportions:Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Soil and Groundwater Contamination in the UAE: The Other Side of the Technological Progress specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A UN-sponsored project shows the average resident generates 17.2 kilograms of e-waste, which holds toxins such as arsenic, cadmium and mercury. Kuwait residents create the same amount, while Bahrain is next on the list with 16.4 kg. Chemicals from circuit boards or other parts can seep into the soil and find their way into aquifers, also polluting food for which the water is used to grow. (Wasmi 2015, par. 2–3) The reasons behind the choice of the problem are quite obvious; living in the digital era and using information technology in all domains of their lives, people are facing the need to dispose of the corresponding e-waste on a regular basis, yet they still have little to no idea of how to do it properly. When released into the environment, e-waste affects the latter significantly by trickling into groundwater. The latter, in its turn, affects the soil and the plants, which grow in the vicinity (Pradhan, Kumar, Sudhir 2014). The plants, in their turn, have a negative effect on animals, particularly, on cattle, when being consumed; seeing that cattle and plants are the basic sources for food production on a global level, the scope of the problem, as well as its effects, is truly enormous. Soil and Groundwater Contamination as a Threat to Environment There is no need to stress tha t the effects of soil and groundwater contamination on the health rates in the community and the environment, in general, including the survival of species and the state of the habitat, are dire. The impact on the environment in general and on people’s health, in particular, as well as the staying power of the problem, should be listed among the key criteria, which have been used to determine the problem as topical and urgent. According to the existing studies, the effects of e-waste on groundwater are truly drastic. First and foremost, the fact that improper e-waste disposal leads to the aggravation of the current health risks (Grant 2015) deserves to be mentioned. Moreover, e-waste triggers a rise in the risks for developing lead poisoning several times, recent researches show (Heart Agamuthu 2012). In addition, the release of chemicals into the groundwater changes the very habitat. As a result, numerous species are subjected to dying out, as they are incapable of accommod ating in the new environment, which lacks the elements that the species in question may need for their survival.Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lack of Care and Space When it comes to identifying the key causes of the aforementioned concern, one must mention the lack of enthusiasm first. Even though people are well aware of the subject of concern, they still fail to relate to the problem, as it does not affect them in a direct way. Herein the root cause of the problem lies. The rapid development of technology and its acceptance as the communication tool is another issue. Due to the spur in the use of IT tools and devices, the need to dispose of them emerges more often. Hence, the dilemma emerges. It would be wrong to assume that either of the factors mentioned above is entirely negative. Quite on the contrary, technological advances and the increase in opportunit ies for communication should be viewed as positive phenomena. However, because of the novelty thereof, the rules for their proper use are yet to be defined. The SWOT Framework The idea of integrating the principles of recycling into managing e-waste may seem reasonable, yet one must admit that the specified strategy will require the introduction of the corresponding tools and equipment. The latter, in its turn, may become far too lengthy and expensive operation to carry out. Seeing that the problem needs to be addressed urgently, a different principle of e-waste recycling needs to be integrated into the UAE community. Table 1. Methods of E-Waste Recycling: A SWOT Analysis Method Strength Weakness Opportunity Threat Landfill ease of use a threat to environment; a threat to people’s health; high groundwater contamination rates; locating the waste further from the community extinction of species; health issues among the local residents; destruction of natural habitats (Visvanthan, Yin, Karthikeyan 2010) Recycling reduction of environmental contamination rates; saving resources from exhaustion; reducing the number of health threats cost; time significant drop in health issues; reduction of air pollution and groundwater contamination rates; sustainability in the use of resources significant expenses; failure to drive people’s attention to the problem (Zhang, Ying-Xin, Simonnot 2012) Incineration waste volume reduction air pollution; impossibility to apply the tool to some types of e-waste more space for storing waste release of dangerous elements into the air; groundwater contamination by the remaining part of the waste (Hong et al. 2015) Plasma gasification efficient management of all types of waste Cost development of new tools for waste management failure to develop the required tools; major expenses (Bajpai 2014) Avoidance Possible reduction in waste rates Lack of efficacy Introduction of sust ainability into the UAE drop in quality of life; lack of control over waste management (Unnisa Rav 2012). Table 1 shows rather clearly that the use of landfills should be abandoned when it comes to eliminating e-waste. Although the specified approach allows keeping e-waste away from the city residents, it still affects people’s health in a rather obvious manner, as it still trickles into groundwater and contaminates every drop of groundwater in the vicinity. In fact, a range of studies (Visvanthan et al. 2010) show that landfills, though currently being one of the most popular tools for managing waste in general, are also the most harmful and need to be eliminated from the list of the methods of waste disposal on a global level. As far as e-waste is concerned, landfills clearly are the worst means of managing the issue; the longer the waste remains on the ground, the deeper the contaminating particles get and the more drastic the issue becomes (Visvanthan et al. 2010) .Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Soil and Groundwater Contamination in the UAE: The Other Side of the Technological Progress specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Speaking of incineration, the given approach is fraught with significant negative consequences unless several expensive and time-consuming procedures are carried out prior to the process. Particularly, both incineration and co-incineration require flue gas purification (Hong et al., 2015). Therefore, the tool in question can hardly be viewed as the means of addressing the e-waste dilemma in the UAE. Plasma gasification, which also may be viewed as the tool for managing e-waste and preventing it from contaminating groundwater, may be viewed as rather efficient, especially given the fact that it helps retrieve renewable energy (Bajpai 2014). However, studies show that the opportunity for the specified tool to be used on a global level is still far t oo scanty due to the enormous financial resources, which it requires (Bajpai 2014). Being a comparatively new tool for waste management, it still needs further testing, improvement and a significant drop in cost. According to the data represented in Table 1, the current method, which involves e-recycling, seems to be the most reasonable approach to take. Incorporating the basic principles of sustainability and reducing the negative effects of e-waste along with the chances to pollute groundwater to a minimum (Zhang et al. 2012), the above-mentioned approach should be viewed as the best option that the UAE authorities have. However, the approach in question can be considered rather time-consuming, seeing that it involves the need to make e-recycling tools available to all people concerned. Particularly, the residents of the UAE must have an opportunity to recycle the corresponding products properly and in a timely fashion. Thus, it will be required to build a large number of the faci lities, where e-waste can be delivered, collected and contained (Zhang et al. 2012).  Therefore, another option concerning the collection and disposal of e-waste in the UAE needs to be considered. Particularly, the services, which will collect e-waste, such as used batteries and motherboards, will have to be introduced into the framework of the state’s operations. It is highly desirable that the e-waste produced by the citizens, as well as by the factories and entrepreneurships, should be collected on a daily basis with the help of the corresponding services and then processed in a manner as expeditious as possible.Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Table 1, the specified approach can be deemed as the most efficient and the least harmful, yet it is also likely to turn out rather costly. Indeed, the necessity to create state companies, which will need to be equipped correspondingly to gather and process e-waste, will have to be funded generously. Cutting the budget for other expenses, which can be considered less topical at the moment, can be viewed as an option. Solutions and Recommendations Once introduced into At this point, the significance of sustainability must be mentioned. Allowing the introduction of sustainability into the environmental strategy adopted by the UAE authorities, recycling based on the creation of the corresponding facilities will have to be coupled with raising awareness regarding the subject matter among the UAE residents. In other words, it is strongly recommended that the tools for increasing mass awareness, such as brochures, articles in popular magazines and newspapers, online forums wi th discussions of the related issues, introduction of users of social networks to the subject matter, etc. should be viewed as the key measures for improving the current state of waste management in the UAE (Kahkat, Hieronymi, Williams 2012). Indeed, the idea of introducing sustainability to not only entrepreneurships but also citizens should be credited as rather reasonable. Given the rapid increase in the average number of technological tools and gadgets that people possess, there is an obvious necessity to make sure that people understand the principle of sustainable use and waste disposal. It is only after the UAE residents understand why the specified recycling options are provided to them that they start sing these options properly (Kahkat et al. 2012). Reference List Bajpai, P 2014, Management of pulp and paper mill waste, Springer, Berlin. Grant, R 2015 ‘Sustainable African urban futures: Stocktaking and critical reflection on proposed urban projects’, American Behavioral Scientist, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 294–310. Heart, S Agamuthu, P 2012, ‘E-waste: a problem or an opportunity? Review of issues, challenges and solutions in Asian countries’, Waste Management Research, vol. 30. no. 11, pp. 1113–1129. Hong, J, Shi, W, Wang, Y, Chen, W Li, X 2015, ‘Life cycle assessment of electronic waste treatment’, Waste Management, vol. 38, pp. 357–365. Kahkat, R, Hieronymi, K, Williams, E 2012, E-waste management: From waste to resource, Routledge, New York City, New York. Panambunan-Ferse, M Breiter, A 2013, ‘Assessing the side-effects of ICT development: E-waste production and management: A case study about cell phone end-of-life in Manado, Indonesia’, Technology in Society, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 223–231. Pradhan, J, Kumar, J, Sudhir, K 2014, ‘Informal e-waste recycling: environmental risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in Mandoli industrial area, Delhi, India’, Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, vol. 21, no. 13, pp. 7913–7928. Unnisa, S A Rav, S B 2012, Sustainable solid waste management, CRC Press, Point Pleasant, New Jersey. Visvanthan, C, Yin, N H, Karthikeyan, O P 2010, ‘Co-disposal of electronic waste with municipal solid waste in bioreactor landfills’, Waste Management, vol. 30, no. 12, pp. 2608–2614. Wasmi, N A 2015, ‘UAE recycling: bringing e-waste concerns to the surface’, The National. Web. Zhang, W-H, Ying-Xin, W, Simonnot, M O 2012, ‘Soil contamination due to e-waste disposal and recycling activities: A review with special focus on China’, Pedosphere, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 434–455. This research paper on Soil and Groundwater Contamination in the UAE: The Other Side of the Technological Progress was written and submitted by user Isai Hardin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Wal Mart Essay

Wal Mart Essay Wal Mart Essay Case 4: Wal-Mart Stores Inc. June 2012 1. To what extent is Wal-Mart’s performance attributable to industry attractiveness and to what extent to competitive advantage? Wal-Mart can attribute most of its success to competitive advantage rather than industry attractiveness. As they expand their product lineup they bring themselves in to more and more competition with business already established in these fields such as grocers, pharmacies and other medical services. Additionally the market is already very saturated with very few untapped markets. Population growth in the US slowing and urbanization is increasing 1 may lead to their strategy of putting good sized stores into one horse towns running in to trouble as many of these one horse towns slowly cease to exist. This as I already alluded to would leave them in markets where their main competitors are established or establishing. When we compare certain financial indicators we find further evidence that the industry isn’t terribly attractive. The only thing that really sets Wal-Mart apart from its competitor’s numbers wise is its scale. It has gross profit margin is ~6% lower than ei ther target or Dollar General for both the years 2010 and 2011. Comparing other margins reveals similar results with Wal-Mart actually lagging behind their main competitors. Their current ratio is not quite 0.9 for both those years, another key area where Wal-Mart is significantly lagging. What Wal-Mart does have is some incredibly strong competitive advantages. Their immense size has allowed them to create economies of scale and gives them tremendous bargaining power over their suppliers too. As stated in the text, P&G derives 18% of their revenue from Wal-Mart yet their products are only 3% Wal-Marts revenue. Their sales forecasting techniques and EDI extended to all of their vendors make allow them to keep inventory on hand low and product mix finely tuned to the respective markets creating, as close as you can get in their business, just-in-time inventory management. This means that despite having more than 6 times the sales revenue of their nearest competitor they have only 5 times the inventory. Wal-Mart controls its own warehousing and distribution, an outcome of their original business model when they focused mainly on supplying small communities and developing that became a priority for them. It has yielded impressive results as they are a world leader in dist ribution logistics. It’s fair to say that what advantages they have are a result of competitive advantage but to what extent beyond scale are they really performing better than some of their main rivals? 2/3. In which of Wal-Mart’s principal functions/ activities do Wal-Mart’s main competitive advantages lie and what are the distinctive resources and capabilities in each of these functions/activities? Purchasing: Wal-Mart’s tremendous size allows them to lean on any suppliers and make them provide their products at as low a cost as possible. In fact many suppliers rely so heavily on Wal-Mart’s business that they have purchasing agents at the Wal-Mart HQ. This comes with the additional distinct advantage that the purchasing agent is isolated from his own organization possibly allowing the Wal-Mart executives to place additional pressure on them. It also gives Wal-Mart the ability to pressure their suppliers on environmental and labor policy. In short: All of their suppliers dance to their tune, a HUGE advantage. Warehousing and Distribution: In a word: efficient. Their enormous distribution centers rely on a hub and spoke system not dissimilar to the one in effect for airlines. They have optimized this system well enough that even returning trucks are 60% full on backhauls. The use of third party logistics means that they can operate on a five day cycle which is much faster than their competitors. Incremental improvements mean inventory turnover continues to increase and trucks are being packed more tightly. This begs

Is Liberal Democracy the Only Viable Form of Democracy Essay

Is Liberal Democracy the Only Viable Form of Democracy - Essay Example In the present world governed under the liberal democracy, the constitution protects the rights of minorities and individuals, as well as prohibiting the majority will by eliminating the practice of majority rule (O’Donnell, 2009). However, it has been argued that liberal democracy is not the only democratic way of ruling. Some people have said that liberal democracy is not liberal or democratic. Power appropriation can not guarantee the survival of society and the polity future. Evidence has been provided to support that liberal democracy is not the only viable form of democracy, as it has sometimes been compatible with inequality in resource allocation, anti-democratic rule, systematic corruption, and physical operation (Glenn, 2004). There are alternative forms of democracy that ensure that the vote of individuals is compatible with the fate of people. The quality and nature of rule and governance comprise a significant factor for survival, development, and stability of society (Glenn, 2004). Power appropriation by governing or ruling by force or election has no assurance for good governance, or development. For the past many years, there have been several systems of governance which have disappeared as they have failed to offer a promising future of troubled societies. Liberal democracy for this case has gained momentum in many societies as a result of capitalism, in which it is claimed to be the only feasible way of governance. As the other systems of governance are almost getting forgotten, liberal democracy has become a common worldwide system of governance, rule and power legalization, endorsed by the citizens’ votes (Hylton, 2003).